
Aiming at the voltage and current measurement for battery banks in mobile communication base station, according to voltage characteristics of wide common-mode range, three methods including sampling with resistors, converting with analog optical coupler and differential subtractor based on amplifier are presented.For bi-directional current characteristic, both single and double amplifier methods are discussed respectively.Also, all the methods mentioned above are analyzed. [pdf]

It is implemented in seven different steps: Determining freshness and the end of the fracture; cooling or heating the PV module to the required temperature of 5 C to 29 C; cleaning the module with window cleaner; inserting the repair resin into the fractures using small drops; applying drops of pit resin on top of the larger edge pits; placing an ultraviolet (UV) lamp at a distance of 20–30 cm and curing for a minimum of 20 minutes; and checking if all fractures are repaired. [pdf]
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